The Unique Corporate Culture in Google Free Essays

The Unique Corporate Culture in Google Executive Summary The web monster of web index â€Å"Google†, consistently evaluated for the â€Å"Best Workplace†, â€Å"Best Employer† in the ongoing ten years. Why? But the expert innovation, Google’s extraordinary and one of a kind corporate culture made so. The element of Google’s corporate culture is without correspondence and human situated. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Unique Corporate Culture in Google or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The organization give the most extravagance and agreeable workplace to its worker, support them loosen up additional, play hard and buckle down. From Google’s case, an ever increasing number of organizations understood the advantages and advantages for the worker are not, at this point just clinical, protection, extra time pay, free espresso and fourteen days occasions. In Google, no one have to check in, you can work in your own â€Å"time zone†. In the event that you don’t need to leave your pet in the working time, acquire it your office, you can remain with it in consistently. You don’t need bring the lunch box to the organization, since it has free breakfast, lunch and supper consistently. Immense sorts of offices are settled. Like the expert massagist, the exercise center, the back rub seat, the bike, the launder clothing, the slides, the electronic bike, the oil change, etc. Everything appears to be extraordinary, however on the off chance that the representative has other interest, they can address the organizer or CEO straightforwardly, perhaps the solicitation would be unnecessary or insane, yet in the event that it is attainable, Google will fulfill worker every which way. The open arrangement mirrors the uniformity in Google. Each representative can see the chief and colleagues work plan and calendar. Google figure along these lines can let all representatives get the data about company’s program progress and creating heading, cause them to feel they are trusted and will be one of the gatherings consistently. The most effective method to refer to The Unique Corporate Culture in Google, Papers

Business 101 - Assignment Questions Research Paper

Business 101 - Assignment Questions - Research Paper Example In the free enterprise setting, making benefits is the key thought process of activity. Under free enterprise, assets are exclusive, as are the ramifications of the fundamental exercises (Rae and Hill, 2010). To the organizations, these rights and opportunities come at cost. Free enterprise makes entrepreneurs responsible to the general public and to the market economy where they lead their business. Contamination, tax collection, and social obligation are other key angles that make entrepreneurs detest free enterprise. Above all, private enterprise envelops business rivalry, a basic factor that decides the achievement or disappointment of a business. Request line shows the amount of an item that would be purchased at a given value level. In this regard, changes in advertise request will influence amount of an item requested in that showcase. Alluring items compare to high amounts of interest, and the other way around (McEachern, 2012). on a similar note, changes in value influence the amount requested of an item. A similar standard applies most definitely. An interest line move to one side for paper follows the above-examined rule. This move speaks to a situation where paper would turn into a less attractive item. The less attractive an item turns into, the lower the amount requested and along these lines purchased of that item. The interest line, in this manner, would move to one side to speak to a decrease in the amount requested of paper at a given value level. A left move popular line, along these lines, is negative. It is credited to discounted paper request and an ensuing decrease in the value level. Business elements are required to consent to pertinent principles, guidelines, or laws. Specifically, tax collection is a key practice in the financial setting. Government charges apply to consolidated business substances, which are treated as discrete available business elements. As such,

Cultural Aspects Of The Amish Society

Social Aspects Of The Amish Society The Amish began in Switzerland however is presently socially focused in the States and Canada. The Amish are known as the Old Order Amish or Pennsylvania Dutch. The religion is severe in the instructing of partition from the world and a closely knit network. The convention that the Amish follow shows cultivating and straightforwardness. In view of this effortlessness, the Amish are currently permitted to have power, own vehicles, or do battle. What current individuals see as necessities in todays world, the Amish individuals live without in the Pennsylvania Dutch society. The Amish began in Switzerland around the hour of 1525. In the sixteenth century, the demonstration of sanctifying through water a grown-up was viewed as a wrongdoing. The individuals were beaten and tossed into waterways and left amazing passings. The bloodletting in Europe prompted the movement of the (Amish). A man named Jacob Ammann lead the Swiss Mennonites, presently called the Amish, to the United States of America and Canada (Origins). At the point when the Amish settled in the United States the religion had its own thoughts of how severe the religion ought to be. As gatherings of individuals split, distinctive strict gatherings framed. The Old Order Amish are the strictest of the gatherings (Amish). In the religion the administrations are done in the homes. These homes are intended to have the option to have an enormous gathering of individuals in them. There are individuals from the religion that a large portion of a higher situation than typical individuals. There is a minister, a religious administrator, and two evangelists. The congregation is hung on Sundays and the individuals from the congregation alternate on who will have the following assistance (BBC). The convention of the Amish shows its individuals cultivating and straightforwardness. The unwritten principles are called Ordnung. This unwritten arrangement of rules is trailed by everybody except in the event that there is an inquiry concerning them, at that point the most seasoned individuals from the network will take up the position and ensure the standard is clarified. The religion encourages that independence isn't something significant or to be pleased with however that its better to be straightforward. The Amish accept that God is more joyful when individuals deal with the world and remain peaceful resistor. In the event that anybody disrupts these norms the individual who is blamed will be avoided until pardoning has been offered (BBC). The apparel of the ladies in the Amish society comprises of long plain dresses and hats (Amish). The ladies can likewise wear long sleeves and a full skirt with plain shoes. The ladies don't wear make-up. The mens attire is of a similar modesty as the womens. The men wear dim shaded jeans or pants, supports, and straight-cut coats. The men are frequently observed with a wide overflowed cap now and again made of straw. The kids wear near a similar dress that the grown-ups wear with the special case that they frequently go shoeless (BBC). The life of the Amish comprises of no electrical uses in their homes. There are special cases as dairy ranchers need to agree to the religions. The power is just wired up to the stables and isn't utilized yet to proceed as dairy ranchers (BBC). Everything done by the Amish included the assistance of the network all in all. In the event that a family needs an animal dwellingplace fabricated the entire network meets up and helps assemble the outbuilding and relying upon the size, it very well may be set up in a couple of days or half a month (Origins). As the Amish practice partition from the advanced world, they practice various dialects. At home the families utilize a German based language called Pennsylvania Dutch. At chapel the Amish utilize a high German tongue. When addressing an individual that isnt Amish, or English, the utilization English (BBC). As the travel industry of Amish people group develops, Amish individuals are beginning organizations to help bring in cash. It has been noticed that Amish organizations show improvement over U.S. organizations. Amish businesses㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ are developing, succeeding, and flourishing. The Amish have low business disappointment rate, 4 percent 10 years contrasted with the 70 percent disappointment pace of new U.S. organizations inside their initial three years of activity. This expansion in business achievement rates could be the aftereffect of more the travel industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦the Aurthur Vistor focus recorded 29,114 visits㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ (Turco). Numerous Amish individuals have shops that comprise of wood shops, selling art, for example, quilts, selling foods grown from the ground, pastry kitchens, eateries, blessing shops, and an open ranchers advertise (Mink). The vast majority of the organizations have 10 or less representatives who are Amish. In some business it is tota lly ran by relatives (Tenner). Most Amish families are ranchers. They use ponies, bulls, or donkeys to furrow their fields. The hardware utilized can't have elastic wheels yet metal ones. A large number of the Amish produce corn to take care of the creatures that they family will use for meat. A portion of the meat might be sold at the business sectors and the stows away of the creatures are utilized to make cowhide merchandise. A few families might be littler and that raise animals for their own utilization while different ranches might be raising or developing the animals or yields to sell. The creatures developed might be chickens, pork, hamburger, and sheep. Some significant yields developed are corn and oats (BBC). A few ranchers use pesticides, herbicides, and may utilize seeds that have been changed hereditarily (Tenner).Other ranchers depend on nature to profit them in the manner that nature does. Ranchers that utilization progressively conventional ways depend on fowls to deal with their creepy crawly issues. the fowls are our partners. Every year, the swallows slaughter a huge number of creepy crawlies over our fields㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ the Amish need the flying creatures so they help them by building them home and failing to tar down the old home. Some Amish accept by utilizing ponies instead of tractors, they are in effect more like one with nature (Kline). The families in the Amish people group for the most part have a normal of seven to eight youngsters. The families never separate and just wed other Amish. The Amish don't wed a first cousin and would lean toward not wedding the second cousin either (BBC). The spouses are normally the ones that are answerable for getting the most cash. They are normally the ranchers and do the harder toiled work in the horse shelters and in the fields. A few men many have a difference in jobs and may accomplish a greater amount of the cultivating and house jobs that most ladies would do (Amish Studies). The spouses can be the provider at times since she may maintain a business. Most spouses are housewives that have the duties of dealing with the kids and doing task around the house. Most ladies don't have all day employments in light of their youngsters. Ladies and men share the house hold choices generally. The spouse typically just settles on strict choice and the wife is progressively dynamic in supporting the religion and settling on more family choices (Amish Studies). The spouses arent constantly occupied with house tasks. The Amish sisters have social occasions that blend regular errands up. The gathering of ladies may get together and make quilts or have a ton of fun while reaping vegetables. In a period of a crisis the network will meet up to support the families. The spouses will think about the kids and the men will concentrate on increasingly toiled work. The old likewise help the families. The grandmas will assist child with sitting and the granddads will assist different men with outside errands (Amish Studies). The childrens jobs at home are errands around the ranch, for example, taking care of chickens and gathering the eggs and draining dairy animals. The kids go to class until 14 and 15 years of age. An ordinary school has around 25 to 35 individuals in a one room school building. The material is instructed in English and is generally educated by more youthful ladies (BBC). In the Amish schools reading material are utilized and the educator has similar instruction as an eighth grader (Halvorsen). The instructors have been educated by more seasoned increasingly experienced Amish educators. When an Amish young lady is twelve years of age she realizes how to prepare a feast for an entire group of Amish laborers, and a youngster knows ranch activities when he is an adolescent. As far as possible the instruction in light of the fact that after school the youngsters become familiar with the professional abilities (BBC). After they leave school Amish young men learn work abilities, for example, cultivating and carpentry at work, while Amish young ladies focus on pragmatic residential issues This remaining parts valid until the youngster turns 16 and experiences a period called Rumspringa. Rumspringa is the point at which an Amish youngster is permitted to go out into the world to pick on the off chance that the individual needs to go live there or needs to turn into a full Amish part. 90% choose to do as such (BBC). The transportation of the Amish comprises of essentially ponies and carriages. The Amish can take rides in somebody elses vehicle. For significant distances, this is a decent path for getting around. The Amish can employ somebody to drive them to places if need be (BBC). Most stores have made hitching post and lodging for the Amish. Amish companions, it would be ideal if you tidy up after your pony. A scoop and trash can are given (Mink). The life of the Amish is fixated on their locale, having solid family bonds, and living with a straightforwardness that most current individuals dont have. The Amish help individuals to remember how things used to be and on account of this the travel industry in the Amish people group are developing. This doesnt change the jobs of the individuals or their convictions in their religion. The Amish live in harmony and agreement with nature and themselves. Riley 7

Homework Help Online - For Students Who Want to Avoid Missed Grade

Homework Help Online - For Students Who Want to Avoid Missed GradeThere are many different sources of homework help online. These days, with the advent of online video games, homework is even more important for students than it was in the past. Online software applications provide many online resources where students can take a break from the daily routine and read or study at their own pace.Parents can also take advantage of homework help when they have a time crunch. There are many online activities, which can be done online by students which allow the teacher to work more efficiently. There are also some companies that offer homework help online.Online homework help can help students keep up with their studies so that they get good grades. The online activities do not require physical study. The software applications or homework help can offer several useful resources for students to participate in school activities, such as assignments, quizzes, games, conversations, online proje cts, etc.There are many websites and applications that offer homework help online. They can help students manage their time effectively. There are websites which offer activities such as:Homework help is available for any subject which students are interested in taking up. Many websites provide free resources for students which have online tests, discussion forums, teacher resources, homework help and other sources of valuable information. Websites can also help students manage their studying time, such as allowing students to study and save their progress in flash card applications, calculators, quiz programs, etc.Students are encouraged to take the online resources with a pinch of salt. Although these resources are beneficial, students should not get too excited about what the website offers. The main responsibility of any website is to provide information and tutorials that will make life easy for students.Even though there are some online courses that offer free online learning, some websites which offer online courses require payment for the materials that they provide. Homework help online is one way of getting the best quality resources. Online learning courses do not actually give any sort of results and homework help online can help students maximize their time and study well.

The Study of Bipolar Disorder Its Causes, Symptoms and Treatment. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1574 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disorder that affects more than 3 million Americans every year. It is characterized by jumps between major depressive episodes where the individual is pessimistic and unmotivated and episodes of mania where the individual is dangerously optimistic, easily agitated, and reluctant to take advice from others. Biological components like genealogy and neurochemistry of an individuals brain particularly dealing with the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin, psychological components dealing with the thought processes of the individual, and sociocultural components in relation to the Theory of Learned Helplessness and gender roles are all believed factors in the development of bipolar disorder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Study of Bipolar Disorder: Its Causes, Symptoms and Treatment." essay for you Create order While bipolar disorder is serious and life altering, scientists and doctors have identified therapies like counseling and medications like antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics to control the patients mood and ensure that the depressive and manic episodes occurrences are few and far between if at all allowing the individual to live a life of normalcy. The Basics of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depressive disorder, is a mood disorder characterized by extreme swings between major depressive episodes and episodes of mania, or extreme confidence. Bipolar disorder only occurs in about 1% of the global population, and it affects men and women equally. Episodes of depression or mania alike typically strike after a steady routine of daily activities or normalcy and begin with the disruption of sleep. Bipolar disorder can be extremely detrimental and disruptive to an individuals life. Both manic and depressive episodes have no specific expiration date, and in some cases can continue on for years. The earliest findings of this particular disorder can date back as far as 1st century Greece. It was not uncommon for people to display states of mania, depression, or psychosis in which cases the doctors of that time typically deemed them possessed. It was common during that time for people to be executed for having bipolar disorder. Interestingly enough, throughout history many artists, poets, musicians, and creators were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Some of these people include Walt Whitman, Ernest Hemingway, and the actress Margot Kidder. One of the characteristics that goes along with mania are huge outbursts of creativity. While the results of a manic episode for some can be detrimental, for artists and creators the outbursts can be almost influential. For example, after experiencing a two-year long manic episode, Robert Schumann, a German composer and music critic, once composed 51 pieces of music. Seemingly, professionals who rely on logic and precision are less susceptible to bipolar disorder than are artists, musicians, poets, etc whom rely on creativity and emotion. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder As stated previously, the main symptom of Bipolar Disorder are the emotional alternations between depressive and manic episodes a patient can experience. Some emotional indicators of a manic episode can include grandiose optimism and unusually high self esteem. Consequentially, this can lead to reckless investments, spending sprees, and unsafe sex. Manic episodes can be noted by eraddic or overly optimistic behavior. The individual will become over talkative, overactive, consistently elated, but easily irritated if annoyed; there is little need for sleep, and there are fewer sexual inhibitions. Speech can be noted as loud, flighty, and hard to interrupt. Additionally, they will reject advice even though they are a danger to his or herself. Once a manic episode ends, the individual can typically crash falling into a place of severe depression. Essentially, a person with bipolar disorder cannot find their emotional middle ground. When in a depressive episode, subjects will become unmotivated or inactive. They will adopt a pessimistic view on life becoming especially sensitive to negative outcomes, expect negative outcomes, and are more likely to recall negative information. Depressive episodes have no time limit, but typically will self-terminate being replaced by a period of mania. Bipolar patients suffer through a vicious cycle of mania to depression to mania again, but can be regulated with mood stabilizers. Another indicator of bipolar disorder found in an article posted by the American Journal of Psychology, was that cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder was significantly reduced when compared to normally functioning subjects. It was found that verbal memory and executive function were particularly impaired. In a different study published by the AJP, it was found that, as children, bipolar patients tended to have difficulty functioning socially. Despite this, they did not seem to have any issues functioning scholastically. Explanations of Bipolar Disorder In a study of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it was found that there may be a genetic factor behind bipolar disorder. First-degree relatives of someone with bipolar disorder were at an increased risk for also developing the disorder. If one maternal half-sibling was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the other sibling was at a significantly increased risk for developing said disorder. Additionally, children of adopted families were at an increased risk for developing the disorder if their biological parents also had said disorder. Essentially, genes are the basic composition of the body. They control the biochemical aspect of the body which, in turn, controls an individuals behavior. The key biochemical component in bipolar disorder is the functioning of neurotransmitters. Norepinephrine is essentially a mood booster. It increases arousal and is what makes people feel happy. In mania, norepinephrine is over abundant causing the extreme boost of self esteem and optimism. When norepinephrine is too abundant, it can be associated with violent outbursts, which can explain why during mania, bipolar patients are also easily agitated, and psychosis. During depressive episodes though, norepinephrine is lacking causing the individuals mood to be pessimistic; they can also become stoic due to the lack of arousal that would normally come from norepinephrine. Serotonin is also another neurotransmitter found to be scarce during depressive episodes. Positive emotions are demonstrated through activity in the left frontal lobe. An additional finding in bipolar depressive episodes, shown using MRI scans, was that the left frontal lobe was likely to be inactive. Sociocultural Explanations of Bipolar Disorder When discussing the inability to control stress, it seems that gender roles may play a part in the depressive state that comes along with bipolar disorder. Women more often than men suffer from severe suppression, belittling, and the feeling of helplessness. Due to this they may be at more of an effect to stress. Martin Seligman, American Psychologist educator and creator of the Theory of Learned Helplessness, argues that depressive episodes may last longer and be more common among western youth due to an epidemic of helplessness, an incline of individualism, and a decline of commitment to religion or family. He additionally notes that the individualism experienced throughout the western youth creates a feeling of sole responsibility when a negative event occurs, allowing nothing for one to fall back on other than his or herself. These ideas can feed the depressive swings associated with bipolar disorder because the individual feels that they have no metaphorical ladder to help them reach the emotional middle ground. Psychological Explanations of Bipolar Disorder Scientists suspect that the way patients think may play a large role in the reality of their situation. Meaning that, when in a depressed state, the bipolar patient will think in terms of blaming his or herself causing the depression to continue and creating thought processes like I cant do anything right which only contributes to the growth of the depressive episode. David G. Myers, author of Psychology: The 7th Edition, writes that people in depressive episodes tend to explain bad events in terms that are stable (its going to last forever), global (its going to affect everything), and internal (its all my fault) (Myers, 640). This is part of what is believed to keep a bipolar patient in a depressed state, never reaching normalcy, and potentially jumping into mania if and once the abundance of norepinephrine returns. Treatment for Bipolar Disorder When experiencing depressive episodes, there is a lack of norepinephrine and serotonin. Due to this, the use of antidepressants is typically part of the treatment for depressive episodes. Antidepressants such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil aim to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, increasing the existence of both neurotransmitters in the brain. When experiencing episodes of mania, antipsychotic drugs are seemingly useful because they help to block the stimulus to send out norepinephrine to the brain. This combined with the anti-depressants equalizes the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine existing in the brain which creates the middle ground that the patient cannot achieve on their own. Some examples of antipsychotics are olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine. Doctors may also prescribe a mood stabilizer in conjunction with the antidepressant, antipsychotic, or both. Some common mood stabilizers are lithium, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. Other forms of treatment may include day treatment programs like counseling while one gets his or her symptoms under control. In severe cases where the patient becomes dangerous to his or herself or to others, the doctors may suggest hospitalization. Conclusion While bipolar disorder can be detrimental to an individuals lifestyle, due to modern medicine and therapies there is treatment that can stabilize the mood swings. With medical assistance and counseling patients can typically return to a normal lifestyle. Without medication though, it becomes difficult for the individual to hold jobs regularly, and there is typically issues with social functioning in adolescents and teens. While genealogy, psychology, and sociocultural aspects do play a role in bipolar disorder, the key to controlling the disorder seems to be controlling the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.

The Wanderer And The Tempest Analysis - 1801 Words

The passage of time is intrinsically connected to every aspect of life, as it is the construct through which we understand human experiences and the framework through which we comprehend our existence. The essence and effects of temporality reverberate through narratives; acting as a catalyst for action, or becoming an impediment to the future. Through the response that characters in The Wanderer and The Tempest have towards the transience of time, it becomes clear how these effects echo throughout the narrative, prompting these events into movement, and how they seep throughout every aspect of these texts. There are a seemingly endless assortment of opinions concerning the structure of The Wanderer; every critic has their own†¦show more content†¦Of course this belief also holds much credence through a definite structural and character balance created by following this interpretation. To have a lost man, who has nothing to his name find salvation and comfort in the authors religion and eventually gain wisdom from nothing but this is a powerful point. Wita sceal geà ¾yldig, ne sceal no to hatheort ne to hrà ¦dwyrde, ne to wac wiga ne to wanhydig, ne to forht ne to fà ¦gen, ne to feohgifre ne nà ¦fre gielpes to georn, à ¦r he geare cunne. (65b-69b) In lines 65b-69b we read a list of rules that a warrior must abide in to become clear in sight. A wise man must be patient, He must never be too impulsive nor too hasty of speech, nor too weak a warrior (65b-69b) The Wanderer, by speaking of all his pains, is going against what his society tells him is acceptable to be wise. Huppà © argues that â€Å"the wanderer utters his sorrow but retains his dignity through the anonymity which the impersonal discourse gives his personal expression of grief.† Huppà © would argue that the reasoning behind this change from personal to impersonal discourse allows the Wanderer a separation from his own problems, treating his own laments as the laments of all, allowing him to feel content that he may still be clear sighted in the face of his tribulations. While it is entirely possible thatShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagespalatalized consonant. It is not, however, a conclusive argument against the /b/ plus /y/ interpretation, for it can be argued that only the first consonant of a cluster is reduplicated. 3. The palatalized consonant solution draws a parallel with the analysis of kw, gw, etc., as single labialized consonant s. But their behaviour is not parallel; thus á »â€¹kwà   (to push) has the imperative kwà  a (and not *kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨a) and the gerund à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kwà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà   (and not *à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà  ). Again, this is not an argument against the cluster interpretation

APPLICATIONS OF SILICON Essay Example For Students

APPLICATIONS OF SILICON Essay Applications of SiliconSilicon is one of mans most useful elements. In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties. Hyperpure silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices, which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Though silicon was originally discovered in 1810 and thought to be a compound silicon was discovered as an element in 1823 by Jons Berzelius. In 1824 Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method and purified the product by removing the fluosilicates by repeated washings. Deville in 1854 first pre pared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element. Davy in1800 thought silica to be a compound and not an element; later in 1811, Gay Lussac and Thenard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride. Silicon is a metalloid at room temperature with an atomic number of 14, 14 electrons, 14 neutrons, and an average atomic mass of 28.0855. In its pure form,silicon melts at 2,570 degrees, and boils at 4,271 degrees Fahrenheit. This element belongs to the metalloid family, the 14th family on the periodic table of elements. This element is a solid metalloid at room temperature and turns to liquid at 2,570 degrees. Silicon is prepared as a brown amorphous powder or as gray-black crystals. Crystalline silicon has a metallic luster and grayish color. It is hard, non-magnetic, and most acids do not effect it, but it does dissolve in hydrofluoric acid, forming the gas, silicon tetrafluoride, SiF 4. At ordinary temperatures silicon is impervious to air, but at high temperatures it reacts with oxygen, forming a layer of silica that does not react further. At high temperatures it also reacts with nitrogen and chlorine to form silicon nitride and silicon chloride, respectively. Elemental silicon transmits more than 95% of all wavelengths of infrared, from 1.3 to 6.y micro-m. Silicon is present in the soil and makes up about 25.7% of the earths crust. Silicon also promotes firmness and strength in human tissues. It is part of the arteries, tendons, skin, connective tissue, and eyes. This mineral is also present with the chondroitin sulfates of cartilage, and it works with calcium to help restore bones. Silicon is also thought to radiate or transmit energy in its crystalline structure, as in quartz crystal. It is thought by some to be able to deeply penetrate the tissues and help to clear stored toxins. Research shows silicon is important to plant and animal life. Results of studies on animals suggest that silicon may be essential to humans. This mineral is able to form long molecules, much the same as is carbon, and gives these complex configurations some durability and strength. It represents about 0.05 percent of our body weight. Silicon is present in the sun and stars and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. Silicon is not found free in nature, but occurs chiefly as the oxide and as silicates. Sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal are some of the forms in which the oxide appears. Granite, hornblende, asbestos, feldspar, clay, mica, etc. are but a few of the numerous silicate minerals. Silicon is prepared commercially by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Several other methods can be used for preparing the element. Amorphous silicon can be prepared as a brown powder, which can be easily melted or vaporized. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Hyperpure silicon can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in a hydrogen atmosphere, and by a vacuum float zone process.